Lumineszenzen
Beispiele
Basiswissen
Elektrolumineszenz: elektrischen Strom, Leuchtdioden, EL-Folien oder OLEDs. Das Licht von Gasentladungen hat einen ähnlichen Mechanismus, wird aber meist nicht so bezeichnet. Hier stehen einige Beispiele.
Kathodolumineszenz
Beschuss mit Elektronen, zum Beispiel die Braunsche Röhre ↗
Photolumineszenz
Photonen, Dabei unterscheidet man je nach Zeitdauer zwischen Anregung und Emission des Lichtes zwischen Phosphoreszenz und Fluoreszenz.
Chemilumineszenz
Eine chemische Reaktion, Luminol zum Nachweis von Blut.
Biolumineszenz
Eine chemische Reaktion in lebenden Organismen, zum Beispiel die Oxidation von Luciferin im Leuchtkäfer.
Tribolumineszenz
Reibung oder Auseinanderreißen, zum Beispiel bei Zuckerkristallen oder beim Öffnen von selbstklebenden Briefumschlägen.
Thermolumineszenz
Etwas leuchtet infolge einer Erwärmung
Sonolumineszenz
Schallwellen (in Flüssigkeiten) erzeugen Leuchteffekte
Crystallolumineszenz
Auch Kristallolumineszenz:Kristallisierungsvorgang einzelner Materialien, Arsentrioxid
Radiolumineszenz
Bestrahlung mit Alpha- oder Beta-Strahlung bzw. durch Röntgenstrahlung
Superlumineszenz
Optisches Pumpen, Spontan emittiertes Licht wird durch stimulierte Emission in einem optisch aktiven Medium verstärkt.
Ionolumineszenz
Hochenergetische Partikelstrahlung z. B. Alpha-Pakete (Heliumkerne),
Piezolumineszenz
Pressen von Quarzen, verwandt mit Piezoelektrizität (externer Link)
Fractolumineszenz
Zerbrechen diverser Kristalle
Lyolumineszenz
Leuchterscheinung beim Auflösen mancher Stoffe
Fußnoten
- [1] Isaac Newton (1642 bis 1727) beschrieb viele Beispiele von Lumineszenz: "Qu. 8. Do not all fix'd Bodies, when heated beyond a certain degree, emit Light and shine; and is not this Emission perform'd by the vibrating motions of their parts? And do not all Bodies which abound with terrestrial parts, and especially with sulphureous ones, emit Light as often as those parts are sufficiently agitated; whether that agitation be made by Heat, or by Friction, or Percussion, or Putrefaction, or by any vital Motion, or any other Cause? As for instance; Sea-Water in a raging Storm; Quick-silver agitated in vacuo; the Back of a Cat, or Neck of a Horse, obliquely struck or rubbed in a dark place; Wood, Flesh and Fish while they putrefy; Vapours arising from putrefy'd Waters, usually call'd Ignes Fatui; Stacks of moist Hay or Corn growing hot by fermentation; Glow-worms and the Eyes of some Animals by vital Motions; the vulgar Phosphorus agitated by the attrition of any Body, or by the acid Particles of the Air; Amber and some Diamonds by striking, pressing or rubbing them; Scrapings of Steel struck off with a Flint; Iron hammer'd very nimbly till it become so hot as to kindle Sulphur[Pg 341] thrown upon it; the Axletrees of Chariots taking fire by the rapid rotation of the Wheels; and some Liquors mix'd with one another whose Particles come together with an Impetus, as Oil of Vitriol distilled from its weight of Nitre, and then mix'd with twice its weight of Oil of Anniseeds. So also a Globe of Glass about 8 or 10 Inches in diameter, being put into a Frame where it may be swiftly turn'd round its Axis, will in turning shine where it rubs against the palm of ones Hand apply'd to it: And if at the same time a piece of white Paper or white Cloth, or the end of ones Finger be held at the distance of about a quarter of an Inch or half an Inch from that part of the Glass where it is most in motion, the electrick Vapour which is excited by the friction of the Glass against the Hand, will by dashing against the white Paper, Cloth or Finger, be put into such an agitation as to emit Light, and make the white Paper, Cloth or Finger, appear lucid like a Glowworm; and in rushing out of the Glass will sometimes push against the finger so as to be felt. And the same things have been found by rubbing a long and large Cylinder or Glass or Amber with a Paper held in ones hand, and continuing the friction till the Glass grew warm." In: Isaac Newton: OPTICKS: OR, A TREATISE OF THE Reflections, Refractions, Inflections and colours OF LIGHT. The FOURTH EDITION, corrected. By Sir ISAAC NEWTON, Knt. LONDON: Printed for WILLIAM INNYS at the West-End of St. Paul's. MDCCXXX (1730). Dort die Seiten 340 und 341.