Die Doppelhelix mit den vier Aminosäuren: eine typische Darstellung von DNA
© Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science. => Zurück zum Artikel
DNA
Bildinfo und Lizenz
Bildinfo
- Die Doppelhelix mit den vier Aminosäuren: eine typische Darstellung von DNA
- Cells are the fundamental working units of every living system. All the instructions needed to direct their activities are contained within the chemical DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). DNA from all organisms is made up of the same chemical and physical components. The DNA sequence is the particular side-by-side arrangement of bases along the DNA strand (e.g., ATTCCGGA). This order spells out the exact instructions required to create a particular organism with its own unique traits. The genome is an organisms complete set of DNA. Genomes vary widely in size: the smallest known genome for a free-living organism (a bacterium) contains about 600,000 DNA base pairs, while human and mouse genomes have some 3 billion. Except for mature red blood cells, all human cells contain a complete genome. DNA in the human genome is arranged into 24 distinct chromosomes--physically separate molecules that range in length from about 50 million to 250 million base pairs. A few types of major chromosomal abnormalities, including missing or extra copies or gross breaks and rejoinings (translocations), can be detected by microscopic examination. Most changes in DNA, however, are more subtle and require a closer analysis of the DNA molecule to find perhaps single-base differences. Each chromosome contains many genes, the basic physical and functional units of heredity. Genes are specific sequences of bases that encode instructions on how to make proteins. Genes comprise only about 2% of the human genome; the remainder consists of noncoding regions, whose functions may include providing chromosomal structural integrity and regulating where, when, and in what quantity proteins are made. The human genome is estimated to contain 25,000 genes.
Credit or Source:
Source
- Created: Not later than the year 2021
- Author: Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science.
- Credit: science.energy.gov/ber
License
- Image Use and Credits: Almost all the images on these pages (https://public.ornl.gov/site/gallery) are original graphics created by the U.S. Department of Energy Genomic Science program's Biological and Environmental Research Information System (BERIS). You will recognize BERIS images by their credit lines. Permission to use these graphics is not needed, but please credit the U.S. Department of Energy Genomic Science program and the website https://genomicscience.energy.gov.
Warranty
- No guarantee can be given as to the correctness of facts implied or explicitly stated.
- Usage is completey at your own risk. 💣
Originalseite
- Das Bild ist Teil eines online-Lexikons.
- Rhetos Lernlexikon Mathematik, Aachen:
- Siehe unter => DNA